O-Ring failures, failure analysis, prevention and correction
The main mechanisms of failure
systematic failure analysis
influence of media and heat
further physical reasons of failure
typical methods to indentify the failure mechanism
simple polymer-identification test methods
statistical analysis of the failure-reason
hit-list of failuresInfluence of media
chemical attack
swelling and shrinkage
examples of bad combinations
failure examples with service conditions
how to distinguish between swelling and chemical attack
chemical attck by CIP-, SIP-media and chloraminesFailure due to ageing, heat and ozone
overheating
wrong compound selection
influence of service-time
how to distinguish between ageing and chemical attack
heavy metals and rubber
ozone-cracking
poor level of vulcanization
shrinkage due to plasticizers
failure examples Mechanical/physical failure reasons
statistical table of specific failure reasons
failure due to non-positive connection
influence of elevated temperature on physical resistance
high deformation failures
sharp-cut edges
overfilling
assembling errors
assembling hints
gap-extrusion
wear
spiral failures
explosive decompression and overheating
air in hydraulic fluids